The Nobel Laureates

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the 2025 Nobel Prize in Chemistry to Susumu Kitagawa, Richard Robson, and Omar M. Yaghi “for the development of metal–organic frameworks.” The 2025 Nobel Prize laureates in chemistry have created molecular constructions with large spaces through which gases and other chemicals can flow. These constructions, metal–organic frameworks, can be used to harvest water from desert air, capture carbon dioxide, store toxic gases, or catalyse chemical reactions. Kitagawa, Robson, and Yaghi have developed a new form of molecular architecture. In their constructions, metal ions function as cornerstones that are linked by long organic (carbon-based) molecules. Together, the metal ions and molecules are organised to form crystals that contain large cavities. These porous materials are called metal–organic frameworks (MOF). By varying the building blocks used in the MOFs, chemists can design them to capture and store specific substances. MOF...

 M. Stanley Whittingham is a well-known scientist and researcher who has made significant contributions to the creation of lithium-ion batteries. He was born in the United Kingdom on December 22, 1941. Whittingham's seminal work on rechargeable lithium batteries began in the 1970s, while he was employed with Exxon Research and Engineering Company. His study concentrated on developing a high-energy-density battery that could effectively store and discharge electrical energy. Whittingham's research resulted in the discovery of intercalation, a technique that allows lithium ions to be introduced and withdrawn from the atomic layers of specific materials. This breakthrough paved the way for the creation of lithium-ion batteries. Whittingham was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2019 along with John B. Goodenough and Akira Yoshino in appreciation of his pioneering achievements. The Nobel Committee recognized their efforts in developing lithium-ion batteries, which have revolut...

 Ernest Rutherford, better known as Lord Rutherford of Nelson, was a well-known New Zealand physicist. He is widely considered as one of the best nuclear physics experimenters of all time. Rutherford contributed significantly to our understanding of atomic structure and radioactivity. Rutherford presented the Rutherford model of the atom in 1911, which stated that the atom contains a tiny, compact, positively charged nucleus at its center, with electrons surrounding it. This concept transformed the conventional view of the atom and established the groundwork for the creation of the current atomic theory. Rutherford is also famed for his gold foil experiment, which he carried out in 1909. Rutherford and his colleagues attacked a thin sheet of gold foil with alpha particles and examined the scattering patterns. Rutherford concluded from the surprising results that atoms possess a concentrated, positively charged nucleus that comprises just a small proportion of the atomic volume. ...

 Linus Pauling was a prominent American scientist, biochemist, peace activist, and author who lived from 1901 to 1994. His life and accomplishments touched several sectors and had a substantial effect in each.  Here are some highlights from his life and work: Linus Pauling was born on February 28, 1901, in Portland, Oregon, United States.     He showed an early interest in science and went on to study chemical engineering at Oregon State University.     Later, he proceeded to the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), where he received his Ph.D. in physical chemistry in 1925. Chemistry Contributions:  Pauling's most significant contributions were in the realm of chemistry, namely the study of chemical bonding and molecular structure.     He invented the notion of electronegativity, which explains why atoms in a chemical connection share electrons unequally.     Pauling developed the idea of hybridization, which describes...

Marie Curie, usually known as Madam Curie, was a well-known physicist and chemist. She was born in Warsaw, Poland, on November 7, 1867, and died in Passy, France, on July 4, 1934. Marie Curie is most known for her groundbreaking radiation research, which resulted in the discovery of two elements, polonium, and radium. She was the first woman to get a Nobel Prize and the first person to receive Nobel Prizes in both physics (1903) and chemistry (1911). Marie Curie's work transformed our knowledge of the atomic structure and set the path for several breakthroughs in nuclear physics and medicine. Her scientific discoveries and efforts have had a long-lasting influence.  Contributions of Marie Curie Marie Curie lived a remarkable life and made substantial contributions to physics and chemistry. Here are some highlights from her life and career: Radioactivity Investigation:     Marie Curie did pioneering research on radioactivity alongside her husband, Pierre Curie.   ...

 Professor John Good Enough was a renowned educator and a leading authority in his field of study. He has achieved notable advancements in several fields during his career and is renowned for his outstanding achievements and creative approach to study. Prof. Good Enough is a genuine polymath, with research interests in computer science, mathematics, and artificial intelligence. Prof. Good Enough, who was raised in an intelligent household, showed an early interest in science and technology. He pursued a computer science degree at a prestigious institution as a result of his voracious curiosity. He has shown extraordinary talent during his college years, effortlessly resolving challenging puzzles and revealing a thorough comprehension of the material. After finishing his undergraduate studies, Prof. Good Enough set out on a quest for knowledge and understanding. He studied mathematics for his Ph.D., concentrating on abstract algebra and its uses in cryptography. His Ph.D. dissertati...